Verification Database

Database Reference will open a page with that reference case

 

 

 

Primary Verification type

Database reference

Topic / Application

Physics

Short description

Analytical Solutions

ANA-1

 

Sod’s Shock Tube

Laminar Premixed Flame

DNS

LES

Compressible reactive flows. Combustion

Detonations

Supersonic

Extensive case verification of a highly accurate solver with applications in compressible flows with combustion

Analytical Solution

ANA-2

Hydrogen LES

Detonation

Authors use LES to simulate hydrogen-air detonation. The solution is verified against a simplified /analytical model (ZND)

Analytical Solution

ANA-3

Discretisation scale

Length Scale

Laminar Premixed Hydrogen-Air Flames

The Paper identifies the spatial discretization required to capture all detailed continuum physics in the reaction zone for one-dimensional steady laminar premixed hydrogen-air flames

Analytical Solution

ANA-4

Analytical Solutions

Manufactured Solutions

Numerical Solutions

Validation

Compartment Fires

Taylor Green Vortices

Beltrami Flows

Laminar Flow around circular obstacle

This paper contains a comprehensive set of references for analytical solutions to flowfields of relevance to fires and internal flows. MMS and Numerical solutions are also used on more complex flows

Analytical Solution

ANA-5

Analytical Solutions (1-D semi exact)

Manufactured Solutions

Compressible flows

Sedov blast wave Problem

Riemann Problem

Taylor Green Vortices

Verification results for a three-dimensional unstructured finite element method have been presented. Accuracy and convergence measurements were given for both shock-dominated and smooth flows

Analytical Solution

ANA-6

AIAA verification test cases

Expansion fan

oblique shock

incompressible boundary layer flow

Coquette Thermal Flow

Detonation wave

Burgers Equation

Paper presents a collection of fluid mechanics problems with exact solutions

Analytical Solution

ANA-7

Jet releases

Laminar Flow

Jet Flows

Analytical Solution for Laminar Two-Dimensional Jet

Analytical Solution

ANA-8

Combustion

1-D

Combustion

Flame Front Propagation

This provides an analytical solution to solving the 1-D flame propagation speed in 1-D

Analytical Solution

ANA-9

Analytical solution

Combustion

Heat of reaction

Flame temperature

This solves the energy equation for a hydrogen-air mixture to calculate the flame temperature

Analytical Solution

ANA-10

Analytical Solution

Navier-Stokes Equations

This test case exercises the terms in the Navier-Stokes equations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Code Verification

CV-1

Code Verification

Mass balance

Continuity Equation

A simple procedure for determining mass balance errors in H2 release simulations

Code Verification

CV-2

Code Verification

Energy balance

Energy Equation

Verifying that the basic FDS algorithm is energy conserving

Code Verification

CV-3

Code verification

Numerical Diffusion

Flux terms.

This test case demonstrates the qualitative behaviour of the Superbee flux limiter scheme for transport of a square wave

Code Verification

CV-4

Code verification

Structured Grids

Unstructured Grids

Numerical Diffusion

Flux terms.

This set of verification tests explore numerical diffusion in OpenFoam operators on various grids (structured and unstructured)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Manufactured Solutions

MAN-1

Manufactured Solution

Numerical Solutions

Error Norms

Grid Convergence Study

Steady

Laminar

Incompressible

The Method of Manufactured Solutions is applied to the quantitative verification of a code. A highly accurate numerical solution is also used for verification

Manufactured Solutions

MAN-2

Manufactured Solution

Order of convergence

Discontinuities

Shocks

Turbulent flow

This review study explains the state of the art for verification, focussing on MMS techniques. Recent advances in MMS applied to flows with discontinuities are explained

Manufactured Solutions

MAN-3

Code Verification

Manufactured Solutions

Procedures

Incompressible Navier Stokes

Burgers Equation

This document is a comprehensive description of the MMS applied to CFD problems. The focus of the paper is on highlighting coding mistakes

Manufactured Solutions

MAN-4

Manufactured Solutions

Navier Stokes

Euler Equations

A PhD paper which comprehensively describes the verification process on a NS 3-D code, as well as its boundary conditions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Methodology

MET-1

Methodology

Analytical Solution

1-D wave equation

Boundary layer flows

RANS

A very useful tutorial paper explaining the verification process applied to CFD codes, including analytical solutions, calculation of error norms

Methodology

MET-2

Methodology

Numerical Error Sources

Aerodynamics

Best practice

Supersonic / Compressible flows

Paper compares the numerical errors from a RANS and a simpler multi-block inviscid “zonal” model of compressible flows

Methodology

MET-3

Methodology

Analytical Solution

1-D wave equation

Boundary layer flows

RANS

A comprehensive approach to verification and validation methodology and procedures for CFD simulations from an already developed CFD code applied without requiring availability of the source code for specified objectives, geometry, conditions, and available benchmark information

Methodology

MET-4

Methodology

Analytical

Manufactured

Numerical benchmark

Taylor-Green

Natural Convection

Heated cavity

a computational code, named ISIS, dedicated to the simulation of buoyant
re in a mechanically ventilated compartment, undergoes an range of verification and validation procedures, applied to buoyant flows with heat exchange (e.g. fire simulation)

Methodology

MET-5

Methodology

Nuclear

RANS

Couette flow

Flat Plate Boundary layers

An extensive paper on the methods recommended for generating V&V benchmarks.

Methodology

MET-6

Methodology

FDS

Fire models

Methods for undertaking V&V on fire models are show, including reference for benchmarks.

Methodology

MET-7

Code verification

Solution verification

Manufactured Solution

General

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the processes that comprise verification of CFD codes

Methodology

MET-8

Verification Methodology

Benchmarks

General

This document comprehensively describes the process of verification of a computational code, and the requirements of high quality benchmarks

Methodology

MET-9

Verification Methodology

General

Comprehensive overview of the process of verification and validation

Methodology

MET-10

Manufactured Solutions

Error Taxonomies

General

Clarification of terminology for V&V processes applied to CFD.

Methodology

MET-11

Nuclear Safety

General

Process for verifying (and validating) 5 fire models

Methodology

MET-12

Methodology

General

Comprehensive paper on methodology behind V&V

Methodology

MET-13

Methodology

General

Comprehensive document on verification of a CFD code (FDS) with verification test cases

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Numerical Solution

NUM-1

Aerodynamics

Aeroelastics

Dynamic Gust response

Verification of FUN3D CFD Code for aerofoil dynamic gust response, primarily using numerical solutions but also an analytical solution

Numerical Solution

NUM-2

Hydrogen release,

Nuclear reactor safety

Momentum, Diffusion release and mixing

Stratification

Fr ≈ 1

Verification of numerical modelling approach to LOWMA-3 experiment at MISTRA facility via two CFD codes

Numerical Solution

NUM-3

Verification and Validation

Deflagration

Detonation

Hydrogen Flames

A highly relevant paper in terms of physics related to hydrogen safety, this paper states it undertakes verification but only validation cases are provided

Numerical Simulation

NUM-4

Nuclear Reactor Safety

Hydrogen Release

Jet Release

Stratification

Numerical verification is undertaken for eight codes (versions of CFX, Fluent, and codes APROS and MELCOR in a blind test applied to Hydrogen release and stratification of relevance to Nuclear Reactor Safety

Numerical Simulation

NUM-5

Numerical solution verification

Ship Hydrodynamics

Drag  estimation

Verification via comparison of 13 numerical  solutions of ship hydrodynamic

Numerical Simulation

NUM-6

Nuclear Safety

Fires

Combustion

This article sets out comparisons of numerical studies of fires with applications to Nuclear Safety

Numerical Simulation

NUM-7

Boundary layer flows, shear.

Turbulence model implementation

Turbulence modelling

NASA verification of turbulence models including Spalart-Allmaras, Shear Stress Transport, and others. Flat Plate

Numerical Simulation

NUM-8

Planar Shear Flow

Turbulence model implementation

Turbulence modelling

NASA verification of turbulence models including Spalart-Allmaras, Shear Stress Transport, and others

Shear Flow

Numerical Simulation

NUM-9

2-D bump

Turbulence model implementation

Flow around obstacles

Tube bundles

Turbulence modelling

Flow Separation

Pressure gradient

NASA verification of turbulence models including Spalart-Allmaras, Shear Stress Transport, and others

2-D bump

Numerical Simulation

NUM-10

Nuclear Safety

Combustion

Flame front

Comparison of 6 CFD codes simulating turbulent combustion

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sensitivity Studies (Grid and Parameter sensitivity)

SEN-1

Nuclear

Detonation

DDT

Paper addresses some numerical requirements regarding the valid numerical modelling of DDT

Sensitivity Studies (Grid and Parameter sensitivity)

SEN-2

H2-Air combustion

Grid sensitivity

Resolved calculations

Length scales, premixed flames, detailed kinetics

Paper considers the grid resolution necessary to resolve combustion in a mixture of calorically imperfect ideal gases described by detailed kinetics and multicomponent transport

Sensitivity Studies (Grid and Parameter sensitivity)

SEN-3

Nuclear Safety

Verification and Validation

Wave propagation

Compressible Flows

Thermal-hydraulic

Uncertainty quantification applied to simulations in Nuclear Safety Engineering

Sensitivity Studies (Grid and Parameter sensitivity)

SEN-4

Nuclear Safety

Verification and Validation

N/A

Presents an identification and ranking of the main physical phenomena in a nuclear safety simulation, to inform appropriate use of codes

Sensitivity Studies (Grid and Parameter sensitivity)

SEN-5

Nuclear Safety

Hydrogen Release

Helium

Release

Jets

Stratification

Froude number

Primarily a validation study on the MiniPanda experimental facility but with useful grid refinement investigation

Sensitivity Studies (Grid and Parameter sensitivity)

SEN-6

Hydrogen release in tunnels

Deflagration

Paper undertakes a sensitivity analysis of solution outputs to grid size, turbulence models, and turbulence flame speed

Sensitivity Studies (Grid and Parameter sensitivity)

SEN-7

Nuclear safety

Hydrogen release

Stratification

Spray cooling

Thermal-hydraulics

Primarily concerned with validation of complex multiphase flows with heat transfer, but with some sensitivity analysis of CFD simulation

Sensitivity Studies (Grid and Parameter sensitivity)

SEN-8

Hydrogen flame propagation

Combustion

Turbulence

Flame structure

Primarily a validation exercise but where the authors incorrectly conclude verification has occurred. Included for reference

Sensitivity Studies (Grid and Parameter sensitivity)

SEN-9

Hydrogen flame propagation

Combustion model

Turbulence-chemistry interaction

Shear Layer

MILD

Primarily a validation exercise but where boundary condition sensitivity(on the CFD model)  is identified as being important

Sensitivity Studies (Grid and Parameter sensitivity)

SEN-10

Nuclear Safety

Uncertainty Quantification

Shear flows

Mixing

Paper explores impact of uncertain inputs on the results of a CFD study

Sensitivity Studies (Grid and Parameter sensitivity)

SEN-11

Nuclear safety

Grid dependency

User parameters

Experimental Uncertainty

Primarily a validation exercise but where some numerical implementations such as grid sensitivity and user inputs are studied

 

 

 

Download
Analytical Solution (part 1)
Extensive case verification of a highly accurate solver with applications in compressible flows with combustion
ANA-1.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 222.4 KB
Download
Analytical Solution (part 3)
The Paper identifies the spatial discretization required to capture all detailed continuum physics in the reaction zone for one-dimensional steady laminar premixed hydrogen-air flames
ANA-3.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 93.6 KB
Download
Analytical Solution (part 5)
Verification results for a three-dimensional unstructured finite element method have been presented. Accuracy and convergence measurements were given for both shock-dominated and smooth flows
ANA-5.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 91.1 KB
Download
Analytical Solution (part 7)
Analytical Solution for Laminar Two-Dimensional Jet
ANA-7.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 72.3 KB
Download
Analytical Solution (part 9)
This solves the energy equation for a hydrogen-air mixture to calculate the flame temperature
ANA-9.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 59.6 KB
Download
Code Verification (part 1)
A simple procedure for determining mass balance errors in H2 release simulations
CV-1.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 58.5 KB
Download
Code Verification (part 3)
This test case demonstrates the qualitative behaviour of the Superbee flux limiter scheme for transport of a square wave
CV-3.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 76.4 KB
Download
Manufactured Solutions (part 1)
The Method of Manufactured Solutions is applied to the quantitative verification of a code. A highly accurate numerical solution is also used for verification
MAN-1.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 115.4 KB
Download
Manufactured Solutions (part 3)
This document is a comprehensive description of the MMS applied to CFD problems. The focus of the paper is on highlighting coding mistakes
MAN-3.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 92.2 KB
Download
Methodology (part 1)
A very useful tutorial paper explaining the verification process applied to CFD codes, including analytical solutions, calculation of error norms
MET-1.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 107.8 KB
Download
Methodology (part 3)
A comprehensive approach to verification and validation methodology and procedures for CFD simulations from an already developed CFD code applied without requiring availability of the source code for specified objectives, geometry, conditions, and available benchmark information
MET-3.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 60.4 KB
Download
Methodology (part 5)
An extensive paper on the methods recommended for generating V&V benchmarks
MET-5.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 91.9 KB
Download
Methodology (part 7)
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the processes that comprise verification of CFD codes
MET-7.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 84.5 KB
Download
Methodology (part 9)
Comprehensive overview of the process of verification and validation
MET-9.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 58.7 KB
Download
Methodology (part 11)
Process for verifying (and validating) 5 fire models
MET-11.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 60.8 KB
Download
Methodology (part 13)
Comprehensive document on verification of a CFD code (FDS) with verification test cases
MET-13.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 59.6 KB
Download
Numerical Solution (part 1)
Verification of FUN3D CFD Code for aerofoil dynamic gust response, primarily using numerical solutions but also an analytical solution
NUM-1.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 82.9 KB
Download
Numerical Solution (part 3)
A highly relevant paper in terms of physics related to hydrogen safety, this paper states it undertakes verification but only validation cases are provided
NUM-3.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 59.9 KB
Download
Numerical Solution (part 5)
Verification via comparison of 13 numerical solutions of ship hydrodynamic
NUM-5.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 61.1 KB
Download
Numerical Solution (part 7)
NASA verification of turbulence models including Spalart-Allmaras, Shear Stress Transport, and others, Flat Plate
NUM-7.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 88.9 KB
Download
Numerical Solution (part 9)
NASA verification of turbulence models including Spalart-Allmaras, Shear Stress Transport, and others, 2-D bump
NUM-9.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 91.4 KB
Download
Sensitivity Studies (part 1)
Paper addresses some numerical requirements regarding the valid numerical modelling of DDT
SEN-1.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 60.7 KB
Download
Sensitivity Studies (part 3)
Uncertainty quantification applied to simulations in Nuclear Safety Engineering
SEN-3.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 60.4 KB
Download
Sensitivity Studies (part 5)
Primarily a validation study on the MiniPanda experimental facility but with useful grid refinement investigation
SEN-5.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 60.0 KB
Download
Sensitivity Studies (part 7)
Primarily concerned with validation of complex multiphase flows with heat transfer, but with some sensitivity analysis of CFD simulation
SEN-7.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 103.9 KB
Download
Sensitivity Studies (part 9)
Primarily a validation exercise but where boundary condition sensitivity(on the CFD model) is identified as being important
SEN-9.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 59.8 KB
Download
Sensitivity Studies (part 11)
Primarily a validation exercise but where some numerical implementations such as grid sensitivity and user inputs are studied
SEN-11.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 60.1 KB
Download
Analytical Solution (part 2)
Authors use LES to simulate hydrogen-air detonation. The solution is verified against a simplified /analytical model (ZND)
ANA-2.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 73.5 KB
Download
Analytical Solution (part 4)
This paper contains a comprehensive set of references for analytical solutions to flow-fields of relevance to fires and internal flows. MMS and Numerical solutions are also used on more complex flows
ANA-4.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 76.3 KB
Download
Analytical Solution (part 6)
Paper presents a collection of fluid mechanics problems with exact solutions
ANA-6.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 59.3 KB
Download
Analytical Solution (part 8)
This provides an analytical solution to solving the 1-D flame propagation speed in 1-D
ANA-8.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 67.0 KB
Download
Analytical Solution (part 10)
This test case exercises the terms in the Navier-Stokes equations
ANA-10.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 97.2 KB
Download
Code Verification (part 2)
Verifying that the basic FDS algorithm is energy conserving
CV-2.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 85.4 KB
Download
Code Verification (part 4)
This set of verification tests explore numerical diffusion in OpenFoam operators on various grids (structured and unstructured)
CV-4.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 68.3 KB
Download
Manufactured Solutions (part 2)
This review study explains the state of the art for verification, focussing on MMS techniques. Recent advances in MMS applied to flows with discontinuities are explained
MAN-2.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 62.2 KB
Download
Manufactured Solutions (part 4)
A PhD paper which comprehensively describes the verification process on a NS 3-D code, as well as its boundary conditions
MAN-4.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 60.3 KB
Download
Methodology (part 2)
Paper compares the numerical errors from a RANS and a simpler multi-block inviscid “zonal” model of compressible flows
MET-2.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 60.6 KB
Download
Methodology (part 4)
A computational code, named ISIS, dedicated to the simulation of buoyantre in a mechanically ventilated compartment, undergoes an range of verification and validation procedures, applied to buoyant flows with heat exchange (e.g. fire simulation)
MET-4.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 93.0 KB
Download
Methodology (part 6)
Methods for undertaking V&V on fire models are show, including reference for benchmarks
MET-6.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 59.2 KB
Download
Methodology (part 8)
This document comprehensively describes the process of verification of a computational code, and the requirements of high quality benchmarks
MET-8.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 58.9 KB
Download
Methodology (part 10)
Clarification of terminology for V&V processes applied to CFD
MET-10.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 59.3 KB
Download
Methodology (part 12)
Comprehensive paper on methodology behind V&V
MET-12.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 71.2 KB
Download
Numerical Solution (part 2)
Verification of numerical modelling approach to LOWMA-3 experiment at MISTRA facility via two CFD codes
NUM-2.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 108.4 KB
Download
Numerical Solution (part 4)
Numerical verification is undertaken for eight codes (versions of CFX, Fluent, and codes APROS and MELCOR in a blind test applied to Hydrogen release and stratification of relevance to Nuclear Reactor Safety
NUM-4.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 138.0 KB
Download
Numerical Solution (part 6)
This article sets out comparisons of numerical studies of fires with applications to Nuclear Safety
NUM-6.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 82.0 KB
Download
Numerical Solution (part 8)
NASA verification of turbulence models including Spalart-Allmaras, Shear Stress Transport, and others, Shear Flow
NUM-8.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 92.0 KB
Download
Numerical Solution (part 10)
Comparison of 6 CFD codes simulating turbulent combustion
NUM-10.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 73.4 KB
Download
Sensitivity Studies (part 2)
Paper considers the grid resolution necessary to resolve combustion in a mixture of calorically imperfect ideal gases described by detailed kinetics and multicomponent transport
SEN-2.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 76.4 KB
Download
Sensitivity Studies (part 4)
Presents an identification and ranking of the main physical phenomena in a nuclear safety simulation, to inform appropriate use of codes
SEN-4.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 90.2 KB
Download
Sensitivity Studies (part 6)
Paper undertakes a sensitivity analysis of solution outputs to grid size, turbulence models, and turbulence flame speed
SEN-6.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 74.1 KB
Download
Sensitivity Studies (part 8)
Primarily a validation exercise but where the authors incorrectly conclude verification has occurred. Included for reference
SEN-8.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 81.0 KB
Download
Sensitivity Studies (part 10)
Paper explores impact of uncertain inputs on the results of a CFD study
SEN-10.pdf
Adobe Acrobat Dokument 75.3 KB